hash
function outputs a fixed-length hash value for plaintext input, and in theory, it's impossible to recover the length or content of the plaintext. One-way cryptographic
functions are used in websites to store passwords in a manner they cannot be retrievedhashlib
. The following script returns the md5
checksum of the file. The code for this article is available at here.md5.py
file in the hashlib
folder in the repository:PyCrypto
module provides all the necessary functions for implementing strong cryptography in a Python program, including both hash functions and encryption algorithms. For example, the block ciphers supported by pycrypto
are:Crypto.Cipher
package to import a specific cipher type:MODE_ECB
, MODE_CBC
, MODE_CFB
, MODE_PGP
, MODE_OFB
, MODE_CTR
, and MODE_OPENPGP
.MODE_CBC
or MODE_CFB
modes are used, the third parameter (Vector IV) must be initialized, which allows an initial value to be given to the cipher. Some ciphers may have optional parameters, such as AES, which can specify the block and key size with the block_size
and key_size
parameters.pycrypto
. The use of general hash functions with pycrypto
is similar:Crypto.Hash
package to import a specific hash type: from Crypto.Hash import [Hash Type]
update('data')
hexdigest()
method to generate the hash: hexdigest()
hash.py
file in the pycrypto
folder:encrypt
and decrypt
functions:Encrypt_decrypt_DES.py
file in the pycrypto
folder:‘mycipher’
parameter value is the encryption key. Once the cipher is created, encryption and decryption is quite simple.random
and string
modules.Crypto.Cipher.AES
package. As the PyCrypto block-level encryption API is very low level, it only accepts 16-, 24-, or 32-bytes-long keys for AES-128, AES-196, and AES-256, respectively.Encrypt_decrypt_AES.py
file in the pycrypto
folder:aes-file-encrypt.py
file in the pycrypto
folder:file.txt.encrypted
Key generator adobe acrobat xi pro mac. , which contains the same content of the original file but the information is not legible. The previous script works in the way that first, you load all required modules and define the function to encrypt the file:PyCrypto
module:aes-file-decrypt.py
file in the pycrypto
folder:pypi
repository and you can install with the pip install cryptography
command.fernet
packagegenerate_key()
method from the Fernet
interface.encrypt_decrypt.py
file in the cryptography folder:verify()
method, which checks whether deriving a new key from the supplied key generates the same key as the expected key.encrypt_decrypt_kdf.py
file in the cryptography folder:verify()
method, and it checks that keys do not match during the process, it launches the cryptography.exceptions.InvalidKey
exception:cryptography
module provides a class for symmetric encryption with the cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.Cipher
class.encrypt_decrypt_AES.py
file in the cryptography folder: